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This artifact provides statin therapy recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of CVD for patients considered to be at high risk of cardiovascular events. It is derived from the annually updated CMS quality measure ID CMS347 but the logic in this artifact is not time-related.
Artifact Creation and Usage
This artifact was developed by MITRE software engineers and clinical informaticists, in collaboration with clinical subject matter experts from the eCQM developer (Quality Insights of Pennsylvania) and the AHRQ sponsored Cholesterol Management Work Group.
Additional information about MITRE's health expertise is available here.
If you would like further information, would like to give us feedback, or have any questions about this artifact, please contact us at ClinicalDecisionSupport@ahrq.hhs.gov.
| This CDS logic is expressed using Health Level Seven International (HL7) Clinical Quality Language (CQL) and the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) data model. All value sets referenced in the logic are published on the Value Set Authority Center (VSAC). Additional details about these resources can be accessed via the following URLs: CQL: https://ecqi.healthit.gov/cql FHIR DSTU2: https://www.hl7.org/fhir/DSTU2/index.html FHIR R4: https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/index.html VSAC: https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/ |
Structured code that is interpretable by a computer (includes data elements, value sets, logic)
Provide statin therapy recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of CVD for patients at high risk of cardiovascular events.
The CDS logic evaluates a patient's presence in one of 4 high risk groups for ASCVD and provides statin therapy recommendations if exclusions do not apply.
Individuals at risk of a CVD event by virtue of specific risk factors:
- All patients who were previously diagnosed with or currently have a diagnosis of clinical ASCVD, including an ASCVD procedure.
- Patients aged 20 to 75 years at the beginning of the measurement period who have ever had a laboratory result of LDL-C >=190 mg/dL or were previously diagnosed with or currently have an active diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia.
- Patients aged 40 to 75 years at the beginning of the measurement period with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes.
- Patients aged 40 to 75 at the beginning of the measurement period with a 10-year ASCVD risk score (i.e., 2013 ACC/AHA ASCVD Risk Estimator or the ACC Risk Estimator Plus) of >= 20 percent during the measurement period.
This artifact is intended to be used by providers in the context of outpatient encounters
The 2024 artifact was updated to reflect the inclusion of a 4th population: patients aged 40-75 with a 10-year ASCVD Risk Score of >=20%.
The quality measure from which this artifact is derived looks for patients who are taking statins or have been ordered statins, irrespective of intensity. The 2018 ACC/AHA guideline recommendations list specific statin intensities for each risk group (based on the average expected LDL-C response to a specific statin and dose). While recognizing that statin intensity is an important component of cholesterol management, the measure developer considered assessment of appropriate intensity and dosage as adding too much complexity to the measure (given unique circumstances for each individual patient). The CQL logic is structured to enable implementers to replace recommendation messages with more specific statin intensity notifications, if desired. At present, the CQL logic recommendation messages align with eCQM specifications to consider initiation of a statin without specifying the intensity.
The ACC/AHA released new guidelines for the Management of Blood Cholesterol in 2018. This CMS 347v6 logic incorporates those guidelines and is different from v4 in significant ways including new populations and definitions. The 2018 guidelines can be accessed here.
Additional information and resources: CDS Connect artifacts are not “standalone” and are not intended to be completely plug-and-play (i.e., healthcare systems will need to integrate each artifact with components of their health information technology [IT] system for the artifact to work). CQL Services, an open source publicly available tool that facilitates integration of CQL code with a health IT system, can be used by organizations that build out a coded expression of this artifact for pilot implementation in their healthcare organization. CQL Services is available here. This artifact has not been piloted in a clinical setting. Implementers should conduct extensive testing, including clinical testing in real-life workflows, of all artifacts. It is expected that artifacts will be customized and adapted to local clinical and IT environments.
This artifact was derived from CMS 347v7: Statin Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. eCQI Resource Center. CMS 347v:7 Statin Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease (available here).
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines (available here).
The CMS eCQM347v7 does not provide a recommendation; rather it provides criteria for measurement of performance.
Although the eCQM specifications were derived from ACC/AHA Graded recommendations, the eCQM specifications themselves do not have a designated 'Strength of Recommendation'. The measure used represents a minimum performance requirement for statin prescription and does not take into account statin therapy intensity, which represents a minimum performance requirement for statin prescription and does not take into account statin therapy intensity. See Cautions.
N/A
Decision notes, including those describing how eCQI numerator, denominator, exclusions, and exceptions are translated into this artifact's inclusions and exclusions are outlined in Appendix A in the attached Implementation Guide.
- Trigger Type: Named event
- Trigger Event: Provider opens an outpatient encounter
Meets one of the 4 named populations:
| Population 1: |
| ASCVD (active diagnosis or previous ASCVD procedure) |
| Population 2: |
| Patient is >=20 and <=75 years |
| AND LDL-C >=190 mg/dL at any point in time (fasting or direct LDL-C test) |
| OR Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
| AND NOT ASCVD |
| Population 3: |
| Patient is >=40 and <=75 years |
| AND Diabetes (Type 1 or 2) |
| AND NOT LDL-C >=190 mg/dL at any point in time (fasting or direct LDL-C test) |
| AND NOT ASCVD OR Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
| Population 4: |
| Patient is >=40 and <=75 years |
| AND 10-year ASCVD risk score of >= 20 percent. |
| Breastfeeding OR Breastfeeding Observation within the past year |
| OR Rhabdomyolysis |
| OR Adverse effect, allergy, or intolerance to statin medications |
| OR Hepatitis A OR Hepatitis B |
| OR Cirrhosis OR elevated ALT > 150 U/L (> 3 x's normal limit) |
| OR ESRD |
| OR Receiving palliative or hospice care |
| OR Statin-associated muscle symptoms |
| OR Already receiving a statin medication (Medication Active or Medication Order during the past year) |
| Interventions | |
DISPLAY notification to provider:
| |
| DISPLAY link to eCQM specifications: https://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqm/ec/2024/cms0347v7 | |
| DISPLAY link to statin shared decision-making tool (e.g. Mayo Clinic Shared Decision Making National Resource Center Statin Choice Decision Aid) | |
| Actions | |
| REQUEST medication order for indicated statin | |
| DOCUMENT any new medication (i.e., statin) on the active medication list |
This artifact has not been tested in a clinical setting.